HEX文件的格式说明（含中文说明）
QUESTION
What is the Intel HEX file
format?
ANSWER
The Intel HEX file is an ASCII text file with lines of text
that follow the
Intel HEX file format. Each line in an Intel HEX file
contains one HEX record.
These records are made up of hexadecimal numbers
that represent machine
language code and/or constant data. Intel HEX files
are often used to transfer
the program and data that would be stored in a ROM
or EPROM. Most EPROM
programmers or emulators can use Intel HEX
files.
Record Format
An Intel HEX file is composed of any number of HEX
records. Each record is made up of five fields that are arranged in the
following format:
:llaaaatt[dd...]cc
Each group of letters corresponds to
a different field, and each letter
represents a single hexadecimal digit.
Each field is composed of at least two
hexadecimal digits-which make up a
byte-as described below:
: is the colon that starts every Intel HEX
record.
ll is the record-length field that represents the number of data
bytes (dd) in
the record.
aaaa is the address field that represents the
starting address for subsequent
data in the record.
tt is the field that
represents the HEX record type, which may be one of the
following:
00 -
data record
01 - end-of-file record
02 - extended segment address
record
04 - extended linear address record
dd is a data field that
represents one byte of data. A record may have multiple
data bytes. The
number of data bytes in the record must match the number
specified by the ll
field.
cc is the checksum field that represents the checksum of the record.
The
checksum is calculated by summing the values of all hexadecimal digit
pairs in
the record modulo 256 and taking the two's complement.
Data
Records
The Intel HEX file is made up of any number of data records that are
terminated
with a carriage return and a linefeed. Data records appear as
follows:
:10246200464C5549442050524F46494C4500464C33
where:
10 is the
number of data bytes in the record.
2462 is the address where the data are to
be located in memory.
00 is the record type 00 (a data
record).
464C...464C is the data.
33 is the checksum of the
record.
Extended Linear Address Records (HEX386)
Extended linear address
records are also known as 32-bit address records and
HEX386 records. These
records contain the upper 16 bits (bits 16-31) of the
data address. The
extended linear address record always has two data bytes and
appears as
follows:
:02000004FFFFFC
where:
02 is the number of data bytes in the
record.
0000 is the address field. For the extended linear address record,
this field
is always 0000.
04 is the record type 04 (an extended linear
address record).
FFFF is the upper 16 bits of the address.
FC is the
checksum of the record and is calculated as
01h + NOT(02h + 00h + 00h + 04h +
FFh + FFh).
When an extended linear address record is read, the extended
linear address
stored in the data field is saved and is applied to subsequent
records read
from the Intel HEX file. The linear address remains effective
until changed by
another extended address record.
The absolute-memory
address of a data record is obtained by adding the address
field in the
record to the shifted address data from the extended linear
address record.
The following example illustrates this process..
Address from the data
record's address field 2462
Extended linear
address record data field
FFFF
--------
Absolute-memory
address
FFFF2462
Extended Segment Address Records (HEX86)
Extended segment address
records-also known as HEX86 records-contain bits 4-19
of the data address
segment. The extended segment address record always has two
data bytes and
appears as follows:
:020000021200EA
where:
02 is the number of data
bytes in the record.
0000 is the address field. For the extended segment
address record, this field
is always 0000.
02 is the record type 02 (an
extended segment address record).
1200 is the segment of the address.
EA
is the checksum of the record and is calculated as
01h + NOT(02h + 00h + 00h
+ 02h + 12h + 00h).
When an extended segment address record is read, the
extended segment address
stored in the data field is saved and is applied to
subsequent records read
from the Intel HEX file. The segment address remains
effective until changed by
another extended address record.
The
absolute-memory address of a data record is obtained by adding the
address
field in the record to the shifted-address data from the extended
segment
address record. The following example illustrates this
process.
Address from the data record's address field
2462
Extended segment address record data field
1200
--------
Absolute memory
address
00014462
End-of-File (EOF) Records
An Intel HEX file must end with an
end-of-file (EOF) record. This record must
have the value 01 in the record
type field. An EOF record always appears
as
follows:
:00000001FF
where:
00 is the number of data bytes in the
record.
0000 is the address where the data are to be located in memory. The
address in
end-of-file records is meaningless and is ignored. An address of
0000h is
typical.
01 is the record type 01 (an end-of-file record).
FF
is the checksum of the record and is calculated as
01h + NOT(00h + 00h + 00h
+ 01h).
Example Intel HEX File
Following is an example of a complete Intel
HEX file
:
:10001300AC12AD13AE10AF1112002F8E0E8F0F2244
:10000300E50B250DF509E50A350CF5081200132259
:03000000020023D8
:0C002300787FE4F6D8FD7581130200031D
:10002F00EFF88DF0A4FFEDC5F0CEA42EFEEC88F016
:04003F00A42EFE22CB
:00000001FF
Hex文件的INTEL格式:这是Intel公司提出的按地址排列的数据信息,数据宽度为字节,所有数据使用16进制数字表示.
这是一个例子:
:10008000AF5F67F0602703E0322CFA92007780C361
:1000900089001C6B7EA7CA9200FE10D2AA00477D81
:0B00A00080FA92006F3600C3A00076CB
:00000001FF
第一行,":"符号表明记录的开始. 后面的两个字符表明记录的长度,这里是10h. 后面的四个字符给出调入的地址,这里是0080h. 后面的两个字符表明记录的类型;0 数据记录 1 记录文件结束 2 扩展段地址记录 3 开始段地址记录 4 扩展线性地址记录 5
开始线性地址记录后面则是真正的数据记录, 最后两位是校验和检查,它加上前面所有的数据和为0.最后一行特殊,总是写成这个样子.
扩展Intel Hex的格式(最大1M): 由于普通的Intel的Hex记录文件只能记录64K的地址范围,所以大于64K的地址数据要靠扩展Intel Hex格式的文件来记录.对于扩展形式Hex文件,在每一个64K段的开始加上扩展的段地址规定,下面的数据地址均在这个段内,除非出现新的段地址定义.
一个段地址 定义的格式如下:
起始符 长度 起始地址 扩展段标示 扩展段序号 无用 累加和
: 02 0000 02 3000
EC
段地址的标识符是第四组数据02,表示扩展地址段的定义,再后面的以为HEX数表示段的数目,
上面的定义为3,表示段地址是3,所以下面的数据地址是3 + XX(XX是64K段内的地址)
Intel hex 文件格式
Intel hex 文件格式
Intel hex 文件常用来保存单片机或其他处理器的目标程序代码。它保存物理程序存储区中的目标代码映象。一般的编程器都支持这种格式。
Intel hex 文件全部由可打印的 ASCII 字符组成，如下例所示：
:2000000012014c75a800e4f508f509780a7a78e4f608dafcd283fcfded240af9a7050dbd81
:2000200000010ced2488ec34ff50edc283e4fcfded240af9e76d7013ed33e43c700d0dbd2a
:2000400000010ced2488ec34ff50e50509e50970020508e50924a8e50834fd50aee4f50874
Intel hex 由一条或多条记录组成，每条记录都由一个冒号“ : ”打头，其格式如下：
:CCAAAARR...ZZ
其中：
CC
本条记录中的数据字节数
AAAA
本条记录中的数据在存储区中的起始地址
RR
记录类型：
00 数据记录 (data record)
01 结束记录 (end record)
02 段记录 (paragraph record)
03 转移地址记录 (transfer address record)
...
数据域
ZZ
数据域校验和
Intel hex 文件记录中的数字都是 16 进制格式，两个 16 进制数字代表一个字节。 CC 域是数据域中的实际字节数，地址、记录类型和校验和域没有计算在内。校验和是取记录中从数据字节计数域 (CC) 到数据域 (...) 最后一个字节的所有字节总和的 2 的补码